Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is the most effective diagnostic and preventive test for assessing the condition of the large intestine and preventing colorectal cancer. The procedure allows direct visualisation of the intestinal walls and enables biopsies of suspicious changes.

Diagnostic tests can also be performed preventively to provide peace of mind, even when no symptoms are present.

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Colonoscopy is currently the most effective and efficient endoscopic examination of the lower gastrointestinal tract, used in the prevention of colorectal cancer. The procedure involves inserting an endoscope, a flexible tube about the thickness of an index finger and 130 to 200 cm in length, into the large intestine via the rectum. The endoscope is equipped with a camera, and the images it captures are displayed on a monitor, allowing the doctor to assess the condition of the intestinal walls and take biopsies of any visible abnormalities for histopathological analysis.

The procedure is performed under local anaesthesia or general sedation (analgosedation), which not only ensures patient comfort but also improves working conditions for the medical team. A colonoscopy typically takes around 30 minutes. Patients who undergo the procedure under local anaesthesia can return home immediately, while those who receive sedation are advised to rest for three hours and avoid driving during this time. After the examination, patients may experience bloating and cramping due to the introduction of air into the intestine during the procedure. These symptoms are temporary and resolve naturally as the excess air is expelled

Indications

The procedure is recommended for patients with symptoms suggestive of lower gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as: 

  • Bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract 
  • Blood in the stool or tarry stools 
  • Detected polyps in the colon 
  • Changes in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhoea, pencil-thin stools) 
  • Persistent diarrhoea of unknown cause 
  • Unexplained weight loss 
  • Anaemia 
  • Recurrent inflammatory bowel disease
  • Diagnosed intestinal diverticula 
  • Suspected colorectal cancer 
  • Suspected Crohn’s disease 

Colonoscopy is also a preventive screening tool for colorectal cancer, recommended for: 

  • All individuals over the age of 50 
  • Individuals over 40 with at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer 
  • Individuals aged 25–65 from families with a high risk of colorectal cancer 

How to Prepare

Proper preparation is essential for a fusion biopsy:

  • Avoid consuming fruits with seeds, such as strawberries or raspberries. 
  • Discontinue iron supplements. 
  • Avoid whole-grain products, seeds, and foods like muesli, seeded bread, beetroot, or intensely red juices (e.g., pomegranate), as these can affect the appearance of the intestinal lining. 
  • Inform the doctor if you are taking blood-thinning medications, diabetes medications, or platelet inhibitors. The doctor will advise on dosing adjustments. 

  • Transition to a liquid, easily digestible diet and avoid solid foods. 

  • Begin taking the prescribed oral laxatives as instructed by the doctor. 

  • Arrive on an empty stomach. 
  • Clear, non-carbonated water is permitted.

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Disclaimer
*The Pax Medicus website provides information for guidance only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Pax Medicus does not provide healthcare services and is not a substitute for consultation with a qualified medical professional. Always seek advice from your physician regarding any medical condition. Prices shown are indicative only and subject to confirmation by the healthcare provider. This is the official website of Pax Medicus; we do not operate through agents or third-party sites.

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