Endoscopic Spine Surgery

Endoscopic spine surgery

Lumbar disc herniation

Our partner hospitals and clinics utilise endoscopic procedures, which are characterised by minimal invasiveness. The use of a small incision (approximately 1 cm) and specialist surgical instruments allows for the separation of muscles without cutting them, unlike traditional methods such as microdiscectomy. This approach significantly reduces tissue damage. Endoscopic surgery also enables precise visualisation of the spinal canal, using direct illumination and high-resolution optics connected to a camera, which lowers the risk of infection and wound healing complications, making these procedures safer for patients.

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Lumbar disc herniation

A herniated intervertebral disc is one of the most common causes of spinal pain and can affect any part of the spine, although it most frequently occurs in the cervical and lumbar regions. The development of a herniated disc is related to the structure of the disc, which consists of:

  • The annulus fibrosus, a tough outer ring of fibrous connective tissue.
  • The nucleus pulposus, a soft, gel-like structure located in the centre of the disc.

When the annulus fibrosus ruptures, the nucleus pulposus can herniate into the spinal canal, compressing nerve structures and causing pain.

What are the symptoms of lumbar disc herniation?

  • Severe pain radiating to the pelvis, one of the lower limbs, the hip, or thighs
  • Pain in the lower abdomen or groin
  • Tingling and numbness in the lower limbs
  • Neurological deficits such as weakness in the legs
  • Sensation of numbness in the lower limb

What are the causes of lumbar disc herniation?

Lumbar disc herniation is most often caused by overloading the spine due to bending or lifting heavy objects with straight legs. Other contributing factors include sudden changes in body weight (gain or loss), a sedentary lifestyle, lack of sufficient physical activity, obesity, spinal deformities, and excessive physical activity.

Endoscopic surgery for lumbar disc herniation

Lumbar disc herniation is most often caused by overloading the spine due to bending or lifting heavy objects with straight legs. Other contributing factors include sudden changes in body weight (gain or loss), a sedentary lifestyle, lack of sufficient physical activity, obesity, spinal deformities, and excessive physical activity.

What does the endoscopic lumbar disc herniation surgery involve?

Endoscopic spine surgery is a minimally invasive technique that uses an endoscope, minimising damage to the paraspinal muscles and reducing postoperative scarring. The procedure is performed through a small incision (approximately 1 cm) in the skin, through which an endoscope connected to a camera is inserted. The camera allows the surgeon to visualise the surgical site in detail, including bone, muscle, and, most importantly, nerve structures within the spinal canal.

Using micro-instruments, the orthopaedic surgeon removes the herniated disc material, relieving pressure on the irritated nerve. The procedure takes about an hour and is performed under analgosedation, allowing the surgeon to maintain communication with the patient throughout, significantly reducing the risk of nerve damage.

Incision

~1 cm (minimal)

Typical duration

~1 hour

Anaesthesia

Analgosedation

Your journey step by step

Consultation

Assessment & MRI review

Pre-operative tests

Bloods, ECG, anaesthetic check

Procedure

Endoscopic discectomy via 1 cm incision

Recovery

Early mobilisation & short stay

Follow-up care

Physio & progress review

Follow-up care

Physio & progress review

Benefits of endoscopic lumbar disc herniation surgery

  • The least invasive technique currently used in spinal surgery
  • Minimal trauma to paraspinal muscles (separated, not detached)
  • Reduced postoperative pain and surgical trauma
  • Lower risk of spinal canal adhesions and spinal instability
  • Smaller, more cosmetically satisfying scars
  • Faster recovery and a quicker return to daily and professional activities

Recovery and results

Most patients are able to stand and walk within hours after the procedure. Minimal tissue disruption typically means a short hospital stay and a return to normal activities within a few days. Following post-operative instructions and physiotherapy guidance supports a smooth recovery and long-term symptom relief.

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Disclaimer
*The Pax Medicus website provides information for guidance only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Pax Medicus does not provide healthcare services and is not a substitute for consultation with a qualified medical professional. Always seek advice from your physician regarding any medical condition. Prices shown are indicative only and subject to confirmation by the healthcare provider. This is the official website of Pax Medicus; we do not operate through agents or third-party sites.

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